This article explores the development of logic in the Muslim East during the 9th–11th centuries. It highlights the contributions of prominent scholars such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Abu Abdullah al-Khwarizmi. The paper analyzes their logical works, the influence of Greek philosophical heritage, and the emergence of new logical doctrines. It also discusses the impact of logic on other disciplines, including philosophy, theology, medicine, and law.

This article presents polymer clay, a method for preparing polymer clay, and a method for making a decorative (decorative) painting by creating a simple flower panel. It also explains the technique of creating a flower panel for elementary school students, using a step-by-step technological sequence using polymer clay of different colors.