This article presents opinions on the forms of governance in Greco-Bactria, Parthia and other state associations in Central Asia. Similar and different aspects of management in these countries have been comparatively analyzed.

In this article, the reforms in education - the guarantee of training qualified personnel and the issues of using innovative interactive methods of modern education in conducting practical training classes for the purpose of training qualified personnel are considered, and in the process of education, the teacher and tasks of mutual cooperation between students are shown

In this article, the lexicon of the Chinese and Uzbek languages is compared and analyzed based on the modern approach to comparative analysis. Attention is paid to the phenomenon of lexical interference in the process of translating from Uzbek to Chinese, improving students' lexical competence in a foreign language. Difficulties in learning the Chinese language in educational institutions are identified, and modern methods of solving them and developing proposals are presented. The analysis of the structure of the words in Chinese, English and Uzbek languages is considered, classified, their specific features are highlighted and their importance in ensuring the language and the uniqueness of the language is shown. Also, it is to explain more about the quantitative words in Chinese, English and Uzbek languages and to show the similarities and differences between them in comparison with the Uzbek language.

Reinforced viscoelastic cylindrical shells with deformable fillers are used in rocketry, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, and construction. To give greater rigidity, the thin-walled part of the shell is reinforced with ribs, while a slight increase in the weight of the structure significantly increases its strength, even if the ribs are of low height. The purpose of this work is to develop a technique, algorithm and programs for finding resonant frequencies and modes of vibration for circular ribbed viscoelastic cylindrical shells under various boundary conditions. The paper deals with vibrations of longitudinally reinforced cylindrical shell structures with a filler. The variation principle is used to study the vibrations of a thin longitudinally reinforced viscoelastic cylindrical shell under dynamic influences. Oscillatory processes of the filler and the bonded shell satisfy the Lame equations. At the contact between the shell and the filler, the conditions of rigid contact are fulfilled. The relationship between stresses and strains, for a linear viscoelastic material, is represented in the form of the Boltzmann-Voltaire integral.

This article discusses simile, which is one of the syntactic features of linguopoetics, which is very common in our fiction.

In this article, if all subsequent terms of a sequence starting from one term can be represented by the preceding terms, then such sequences are called recurring or recurrent sequences. The word recurrent is derived from the Greek word recurrere - to return. The recurrent formula is widely used in several theoretical and practical fields of analysis. We will consider definite integrals calculated by the recurrent formula.

The article describes in detail the history of the emergence, causes, essence and consequences of the phenomenon of marginalization. Its influence on the life of society is considered in the context of modern globalization. In the context of integration in the socio-cultural sphere in the world, there was talk about the negative consequences of spiritual marginalization, which leads to the collapse of the spirituality of young people and influence through the media.

This article discusses the effectiveness of teaching music education using modern information technologies in educational institutions. In particular, the role and importance of the Sibelius notation editor in the activities of teachers and students has been carefully considered.

The article attempts to investigate briefly the causes of current situation of teaching English as a foreign language and to suggest a brief theoretical guideline that may be of help in remedying the deficiencies.

This article reveals the features of creativity development in Russian language classes in elementary school and discusses different teaching methods in Russian language classes taught in the Uzbek language.

Last two decades have seen an increasing interest in approaching literary translation from pragmatic perspective as both pragmatics and translation are concerned with communicative situations. Pragmatic relations in literary translation are superimposed on semantic relations and play an equally important role in analyzing the original text and in producing an equivalent text in the target language. The pragmatic adaption of translation must make it possible for the target receptor to understand the implications of the message and to be aware of its figurative and situational meaning. Pragmatic problems in this article are analyzed applying pragmatic principles such as speech acts, presuppositions, implications, deictic expressions and politeness formulas.